Our Research

The centre’s research includes
- Patient engagement in pharmaceutical policy
- Patient centered communication in health care
- Patient perspectives on medicines use
- Medication adherence
- Qualitative health research
The centre has also developed a guide for preparing qualitative interviews, offering a structured process step by step, from initial thoughts to dissemination.
Selected Research Projects
Researchers from the center are collaborating with the WHO to identify best practices in citizen engagement in pharmaceutical policy:
Citizen Engagement is essential for developing transparent, effective, and responsive pharmaceutical policies. However, approaches to citizen engagement vary widely across countries.
This multi-country project examines how patients and the public are involved in pharmaceutical policy across diverse healthcare systems—from market authorization to pharmacovigilance. Using a mixed-methods approach, we identify, select, and compare practices in high-, middle-, and low-income countries to identify key success factors, common challenges, and transferable solutions.
Our goal is to generate evidence-based, adaptable guidelines that support meaningful and effective citizen engagement in different national contexts.
Researchers from the center are collaborating with various partners in Denmark and the Netherlands: academia, private partners and patient organization to evaluate a new post-education on patient centeredness for pharmacy staff to study its effects on patients’ experienced drug related problems.
28 pharmacy staff members in Denmark and 24 staff members in the Netherlands are involved in the first trial of the education.
Researchers from the center have been collaborating with The National Institute for Health and Welfare, Finland (THL) under the programme of the “Nordic-Russian Cooperation in Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Containment” (Nordic Council of Ministers’ Thematic Programme for ‘Health Promotion and Prevention’). The aim was to study the culture of use of antibiotics in North-West Russia to inform future AMR programmes.
In total, 93 interviews were conducted with patients, community pharmacists and general practitioners about their practices with antibiotics in the regions of Arkhangelsk, Karelia, Murmansk, Pskov and Skt. Petersburg.
Researchers from the center and delegates from 13 countries within the AMC Network Group under the WHO Regional Office for Europe undertook a project investigating the practices, attitudes and knowledge around use of antibiotics through the use of interviews.
New program theory in pharmacist-led patient-centered medication review in general practice – a qualitative pilot study
Kaae S., Holst S. S., Hansen J. M., Vermehen C.
Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, 2025
Availability of essential medicines for non-communicable diseases: a scoping review of challenges and opportunities
Joosse, I. R., Mantel-Teeuwisse, A., van den Ham, H. A., & Cantarero Arevalo, L.
BMJ Global Health, 2025
Ethical Integration of Citizen Science and Youth Participatory Action Research: Insights from the Youth Chronic Project
Cantarero Arevalo, L., & Nørgaard, L. S.
Research Involvement and Engagement, 2025
Empowering Patients as Co-Researchers in Social Pharmacy: Lessons Learned and Practical Tips for Meaningful Partnership and Impact
Cantarero Arevalo, L., Kaae, S., Jacobsen, R., Nielsen, A., Slyngborg, L., Smistrup, N., Kastrup, L. M., Hämeen-Anttila, K., Strömberg, A., &
Nørgaard, L. S.
Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, 2024
A mixed methods evaluation of a mentalising education programme for the community pharmacy workforce in Denmark: a promising way forward to deliver patient-centered counselling
Husted G. R., Rossing C. V., Jacobsen R., Hedegaard U., Kaae S., Almarsdóttir A. B., Fosgerau C. F.
Pharmacy Education, 2023
A qualitative analysis of the culture of antibiotic use for upper respiratory tract infections among patients in Northwest Russia
Cantarero-Arevalo L., Nørgaard L. S., Sporrong S. K., Jacobsen R., Almarsdóttir A. B., Hansen J. M., Titkov D., Rachina S., Panfilova E., Merkulova V., Eseva O., Riabkova N., Kaae S.
Frontiers in Pharmacology, 2022
A mentalizing education program for pharmacy workforce
Fosgerau C. F., Clemmensen N., Husted G. R., Kaae S., Rossing C.
Pharmacy Education, 2022
Furthering patient-centered counseling: Exploring new aspects around pharmacists’ experiences in pharmacy encounters through video-stimulated recall interviewing
Christina Fogtmann Fosgerau, Susanne Kaae.
Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, 2021
Culture of antibiotic use in Kosovo – an interview study with patients and health professionals
Jakupi, A., Raka, D., Kaae, S., & Sporrong, S. K.
Pharmacy Practice, 2019
How and Why to Involve Patients in Drug Development: Perspectives From the Pharmaceutical Industry, Regulatory Authorities, and Patient Organizations
Hansen, M. B., Nørgaard, L. S., & Hallgreen, C. E.
Therapeutic Innovation & Regulatory Science, 2019
A qualitative, comparative analysis of the culture of antibiotic use in Armenia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Russia and Tajikistan
S. Kaae, L. Ghazaryan, K. Pagava, I. Korinteli, L. Makalkina, G. Zhetimkarinova, A. Ikhambayeva, E. Tentiuc, S. Ratchina, P. Zakharenkova, S. Yusufi, N. Maqsudova, L. Druedahl, S. Kälvemark Sporrong, L. Arevalo Cantarero, L. Stig Nørgaard
Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, 2019
Antibiotic knowledge, attitudes and behaviours of Albanian health care professionals and patients: a qualitative interview study
Kaae, S., Malaj, A., & Hoxha, I.
Journal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice, 2017
Experiences from a pilot study on how to conduct a qualitative multi-country research project regarding use of antibiotics in Southeast Europe
Kaae, S., Sporrong, S. K., Traulsen, J. M., Wallach Kildemoes, H., Nørgaard, L. S., Jakupi, A., Cantarero Arevalo, L.
Journal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice, 2016
The Social and Clinical Pharmacy research group at the University of Copenhagen has gained huge expertise over the last 40 years in applying qualitative research methods to explore patient perspectives on medicines use.
Read more about the Social and Clinical Pharmacy group
Outputs of this research include the following papers:
Young females’ perceptions of and reasons for use of over-the-counter analgesics
Using Analgesics as Tools – Young Women's Treatment for Headache
University students’ perceptions of and reasons for use of study drugs
Young adults with ADHD coping with disease and medicines
Managing Complexity: Exploring Decision Making on Medication by Young Adults with ADHD
COPD and asthma patients’ perceptions of their benefits of a pharmacy-based inhaler technique assessment service
Patient responses to inhaler advice given by community pharmacies: The importance of meaningfulness
Perceptions of medicine use amongst pregnant women
Perceptions of medicine use among pregnant women: an interview-based study